Lunde · the old, formal register · prototype
Lunde case conjugator (Old Lundian)
Type any noun or adjective in its bare form and every case is built by rule. Click a form to see how it was built.
Nouns, pronouns, adjectives
Cases
Case marking is tripartite: the transitive subject (A), the intransitive subject (S) and the object (O) each have their own form. Unusually, A is the bare form, and S is marked with -m.
- Ki labi guse. I love you: ki is bare (A), guse takes -se (O).
- Kim eruj. I die: kim takes -m (S).
Endings
Each case is a case consonant + -e (singular), -i (plural animate) or -en (plural inanimate). After a consonant, a goes in first.
- After a consonant, a is inserted before the ending: osilami, fasturam.
- Plural transitive subject: -i and -en after a consonant (osili, zenen); after a vowel, y or n goes in first (neyi, nenen).
- Comitative and abessive: the ū drops after u or ū (fastune, gūne, heneułe); a long last vowel adds v before the suffix. The engine reads "last" as word-final.
- The exmon participle drops its o before any ending (fastuox → fastuxam); consonant stems keep it (laboxam). ney uses ne- before every ending.
- Dissimilation never changes a case ending, and the word in front of it stays as it is: veve, keavave, fastuxūłe.
- Stress never moves: case endings don't count (īs-si-ū-ne).
Personal pronouns
The pronouns take the noun endings on an oblique stem. The engine builds the whole table from the stems; four forms are exceptions the doc lists, marked with *.
- The g of the 2s oblique forms is optional: (g)use. Plural pronouns lengthen the stem vowel: (g)u- and gū-, da- and dā-.
- Negation puts the subject pronoun in the abessive, with no verb affix: Kiūłe labi guse (I don't love you).
Demonstratives and place words
Demonstratives are bare roots used as adjectives, set by distance and by what can be known: ney this, nal that, gval yonder, maū something unseen whose existence can't be verified.
maū declines the same way (maūm, maūse) and takes maūne, maūłe, like gū.
Articles
| Definite (the) | Indefinite (a, some) | |
|---|---|---|
| Animate singular | i | iā |
| Inanimate singular | ci | ān |
| Plural (both) | ni | na |
Articles and demonstratives join the next word with a dash: i-Rāmam (the sun), ni-Rāmami (the suns), na-zenen (some times).